Suchergebnisse

The Burgeoning of the Islamic Movements in Indonesia –especially originated from the Middle East- that growing up since authoritarian era have been influencing various institutions in Indonesia, including educational institution in Ex Karesidenan Surakarta region. In this research, I exhibit that Ex-Karesidenan Surakarta region has become a centre of Islamic movement turbulence in Indonesia. Since pre-Independence era, various Islamic ideologies actualize and compete with each other –from traditionalist, modernist, and radical movement- for gaining influence in these regions. This research discusses the implication of contestation among Islamic ideologies in Senior High School that affect the scramble of educational public sphere and interchange cultural symbols in these institutions. This paper attempts to address two main issues; 1) to examine various contestation and hegemony models performed by each of Islamic ideologies for gaining influence in the public educational sphere –epecially Kerohanian Islam (ROHIS); 2) to explore various political ideologies in each Islamic movement that led to different meanings towards Islam, state, and democracy.

The manuscript serves as a window into a nation's civilisation. Manuscripts, also known as "Naskah Kuno" or "Naskah Klasik" in the Malay world, have evolved into important pieces of cultural history that need to be conserved. The purpose of the manuscript is to learn about and comprehend the social conditions of the past and to investigate how culture and science are absorbed, recorded, and repeated. Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) said that science and civilization are products of a variety of factors, including a) the capacity of governments, social structure, and political authority; b) vocations and livelihood opportunities; and c) the development of science and technology.

Abstract
This paper seeks to answer the question of how the sultanates of Malaysia maintained their authority in the current nation-state era as almost all of Indonesia's hundreds of sultanates (except for the Sultanate of Yogyakarta in Java) lost formal power. It proposes three findings. First, Dutch and British colonialism had different legacies in Indonesia and Malaysia, respectively. Second, following their independence, Indonesia and Malaysia adopted different government systems, with the former becoming a unitary republic and the latter becoming a federal state; consequently, the sultanates of Indonesia had to submit themselves to the central government in Indonesia, whereas those in Malaysia were given broader space to exercise their authority within a federal state. Third, the sultanates of Malaysia have a two-layered identity, resulting from the convergence of ethnic Malay and Islamic identities that eventually strengthened the Sultanate's authority and legitimacy in the eyes of the people and the federal state; conversely, convergence between ethnic and religious identity was limited in Indonesia's sultanates, subsequently undermining the sultans' ability to uphold authority and power.